Aethos

The Kit Room · 43 things, explained honestly

The right tool
is half the finish.

Brushes, roller sleeves, fillers, caulks, sealants and tapes. What each one is for, what it is not for, and the small things that separate a tidy job from a long weekend.

No brand names, no affiliate links. Just what we would lay on the bench for your job, and why.

A decorator’s workbench with brushes, roller sleeves, filler, caulk gun and tape arranged on oak
Fewer things, chosen well, looked after.The Aethos bench

Ask the bench

Three answers.
One kit list.

Tell us what you are working on and we will lay the right things out on the bench, with the reason for each. Change any answer and watch the list change.

What are you working on?

Plasterboard or modern gypsum plaster indoors.

Which paint family?

Emulsion, acrylic eggshell and satin, most modern trim paints.

What is the job?

The bench says

Wash, fill, spot prime the repairs, then two coats. Cut in first, roll while the edge is wet.

  1. 01

    Synthetic brush, 2 inchBrush

    Cutting in walls and ceilings. Dampen the brush and flick it dry before dipping. Load the bottom third only, tap both sides inside the kettle and never wipe the rim.

  2. 02

    Angled sash brush, 1.5 inchBrush

    Sash window glazing bars. Hold it like a pencil, not a hammer. Move from the wrist and let the long side of the angle draw the line.

  3. 03

    Dusting brushBrush

    Every surface, immediately before painting. Dust, then wipe with a barely damp cloth, then paint. Most rough finishes are dust trapped under the coat, not the paint.

  4. 04

    Medium pile sleeve, 9 to 12 mmRoller

    Emulsion on walls and ceilings. Before first use, wrap the sleeve in masking tape and peel it off to lift loose lint. Then roll a W, fill it in, and lay off lightly in one direction from ceiling to floor.

  5. 05

    Extension poleRoller

    All ceilings. A short pole, about 60 cm, is the most useful length in a normal room. Long poles are for stairwells.

  6. 06

    Low tack masking tapeTape

    Masking against paint less than a fortnight old. Press the edge down with a filling knife, paint a first coat of the base colour along the tape to seal it, then your line colour. That is how you get a knife edge line.

  7. 07

    Sugar soapBench

    Every previously painted surface before repainting. Wash from the bottom up so dirty runs do not streak the clean wall, then rinse from the top down.

  8. 08

    Paint kettle and scuttleBench

    Every job. Line the kettle with a plastic liner or a freezer bag. Change the liner, not the kettle, between colours.

  9. 09

    Cotton twill dust sheetsBench

    Floors and furniture in every room. Fold them paint side in when you finish and they last for years. Shake them outside, never in the room you have just painted.

Read about every item on the shelves

Seven rules of the bench

Learn these
and you can skip the rest.

Nearly every failed finish we are asked to look at broke one of these.

  1. 01

    Caulk is for gaps you will paint. Sealant is for gaps that get wet.

    Decorators caulk goes black and soft in a bathroom. Silicone will not hold paint. Read the tube, not the shelf label.

  2. 02

    Match the fibre to the paint, not to the price.

    Synthetic for water based. Natural bristle for oil. A natural brush in emulsion goes floppy in an hour; a synthetic in gloss drags.

  3. 03

    Pile length follows the surface.

    Short pile on doors, medium on plaster, long on render. The wrong pile is the difference between a finish and a texture.

  4. 04

    Filler is chosen by depth, movement and weather.

    Shallow and still: fine surface. Deep and still: powder. Moving: flexible. Outside: two part or masonry. Old lime walls: lime.

  5. 05

    Never put a hard repair on a soft wall.

    Cement, gypsum and plastic paint on a lime built wall trap moisture and push the surrounding lime off within a few winters.

  6. 06

    Nothing sticks to dust, grease or old sealant.

    Wash, rinse, dust, then paint. Rake out failed sealant to bare material before the new bead goes in.

  7. 07

    Let caulk and filler cure before paint.

    Paint over uncured caulk crazes as the caulk shrinks. Bare filler drinks paint and flashes. Spot prime every repair.

The shelves · 43 items

Everything on the bench,
and why it is there.

Every item says what it is for, what it is not for, and one thing we wish someone had told us sooner. Cost bands are a guide to what a good one costs, not the cheapest one.

Five decorating brushes standing in a stoneware jar against a plaster wall

8 on this shelf

Brushes

A good brush lasts years and gets better. Buy fewer, buy well, wash them properly.

Brush · essential

Synthetic brush, 2 inch

Also sold as Nylon and polyester blend

£££

The workhorse for water based paint. Synthetic filaments hold their spring in water, release paint evenly and wash out clean.

Brush · essential

Angled sash brush, 1.5 inch

Also sold as Cutting in brush

£££

A slim, angled synthetic that steers around glazing bars, corners and the line where wall meets ceiling.

Brush

Natural bristle brush

Also sold as China bristle, pure bristle

£££

Hog bristle with split ends that carry oil paint beautifully and lay it off with a soft, glassy finish.

Brush

Limewash brush

Also sold as Large soft masonry brush, 5 to 7 inch

£££

A wide, soft head of natural or mixed fibre that holds a lot of thin wash and lets you work it into a textured wall in every direction.

Brush

Masonry brush, 4 to 6 inch

£££

A stiff, dense brush with long filaments for forcing thick masonry paint into rough render, pebbledash and blockwork.

Brush

Fitch

Also sold as Artist’s flat or round, half inch

£££

A tiny long handled brush for the places a sash brush is too big.

Brush

Radiator brush

Also sold as Crevice brush

£££

A small head on a long bent handle for reaching behind radiators and pipes without taking them off the wall.

Brush · essential

Dusting brush

£££

A soft wide brush used dry, to clear sanding dust from mouldings and corners before paint goes anywhere near them.

Four roller sleeves with different pile lengths laid on linen

6 on this shelf

Roller sleeves

The sleeve decides the finish. The frame just holds it. Match pile length to the surface and fibre to the paint.

Roller · essential

Medium pile sleeve, 9 to 12 mm

Also sold as Woven polyester or microfibre

£££

The everyday sleeve for emulsion on plastered walls and ceilings. Holds plenty of paint and leaves a light, even texture.

Roller

Short pile sleeve, 4 to 6 mm

Also sold as Fine finish, flock or microfibre

£££

A dense, low pile that holds less paint but leaves almost no texture. The sleeve for anything you will look at closely.

Roller

Long pile sleeve, 15 to 20 mm

Also sold as Masonry sleeve, lambswool

£££

Deep, open fibres that carry a heavy load of thick paint down into the hollows of render and pebbledash.

Roller · essential

Mini roller, 4 inch

£££

A small sleeve on a short cage for doors, panels, reveals and behind radiators. Available in every pile.

Roller

Foam sleeve

Also sold as High density foam

£££

Closed cell foam that gives a very smooth finish with oil based gloss on flat surfaces, but traps air in thicker water based paints.

Roller · essential

Extension pole

£££

A telescopic pole that threads into the roller handle. Ceilings from the floor, walls without a ladder, and far better leverage for an even coat.

Freshly mixed powder filler on a hawk beside tins of wood filler and lime putty

9 on this shelf

Fillers

No filler is right for everything. Choose by how deep the hole is, whether it moves, and whether it lives outside.

Filler · essential

Interior powder filler

Also sold as Mix your own, bag or box

£££

Gypsum based powder you mix with water. Strong, sands to a feather edge and can be built up in layers for deeper holes.

Filler

Lightweight ready mixed filler

Also sold as Quick drying, tub filler

£££

A whipped, airy filler that dries in minutes with almost no shrinkage. Convenient for small dents and last minute touch ups.

Filler

Fine surface filler

Also sold as Skim filler, finishing filler

£££

A smooth, creamy filler with very fine grain for hairline cracks and shallow imperfections, applied thin with a wide blade.

Filler

Flexible crack filler

Also sold as Fibre reinforced, elastic filler

£££

A filler with enough give to stretch across cracks that open and close as the house heats, cools and dries.

Filler · essential

Two part wood filler

Also sold as Polyester filler, 2K filler

£££

A resin paste mixed with a small amount of hardener that sets rock hard in ten minutes, sands like timber and shrugs off weather.

Filler

Epoxy wood repair system

Also sold as Resin repair, consolidant and paste

£££

A liquid consolidant that soaks into softened timber and hardens it, followed by a flexible epoxy paste that moves with the wood. The proper way to save a sash bottom rail.

Filler

Exterior masonry filler

£££

A cement or polymer filler that cures hard and weatherproof, for chips and cracks in modern render, concrete and blockwork.

Filler

Lime putty and lime mortar

Also sold as Fat lime, NHL 2 or 3.5

£££

The original filler for old solid walls. Sets slowly by absorbing carbon dioxide, stays soft enough to breathe and to move with the building.

Filler

Bonding and finishing plaster

£££

For repairs too deep or wide for filler. Bonding fills the depth in one go, finishing plaster gives the skim.

A bead of caulk being tooled along a skirting board joint

7 on this shelf

Caulks and sealants

Caulk is for gaps you will paint. Sealant is for gaps that get wet. Mixing those two up causes most of the failures we see.

Sealant · essential

Decorators caulk

Also sold as Acrylic caulk, painter’s caulk

£££

A water based acrylic filler in a cartridge. Skins in half an hour, takes paint, stays slightly flexible and wipes off with a damp cloth while wet.

Sealant · essential

Silicone sealant

Also sold as Sanitary silicone, low modulus

£££

A rubbery, permanently waterproof sealant that stretches with movement and resists mould. Cannot be painted and nothing sticks to it afterwards.

Sealant

Hybrid polymer sealant

Also sold as MS polymer, all in one sealant and adhesive

£££

A modern sealant that combines the waterproofing of silicone with the paintability of caulk, sticks to almost any surface and stays flexible for decades.

Sealant

Exterior frame sealant

Also sold as Weatherproof acrylic frame sealant

£££

A paintable exterior grade acrylic for the joint between frames and masonry. Cheaper than hybrid polymer, less durable, fine under a well kept paint film.

Sealant

Linseed oil putty

Also sold as Glazing putty

£££

Whiting and linseed oil, kneaded to a dough. The traditional bedding and facing for glass in timber sashes. Slow, forgiving and repairable for a century.

Sealant

Expanding foam

Also sold as PU foam

£££

A polyurethane foam that swells to fill large voids around pipes, frames and cable runs. It is a backing, never a finish.

Sealant

Fire rated sealant

Also sold as Intumescent acrylic

£££

A sealant that swells under heat to close gaps where pipes and cables pass through walls and ceilings between flats or from a garage.

A decorator’s bench with brushes, filler and tape

4 on this shelf

Tapes

Tape is a tool for clean lines, not a substitute for a steady hand. The wrong tape pulls fresh paint off.

Tape · essential

Low tack masking tape

Also sold as Delicate surface tape, purple or yellow

£££

A gentle adhesive that comes off fresh paint and wallpaper without lifting either.

Tape

General purpose masking tape

Also sold as Beige crepe tape

£££

The everyday tape for glass, hardware and well cured surfaces. Strong enough to hold, cheap enough to use freely.

Tape

Exterior and UV resistant tape

Also sold as Outdoor masking tape, blue or green

£££

A tape with adhesive that survives sun, damp and temperature swings for a week or more without baking on or falling off.

Tape

Pre taped masking film

Also sold as Drop film, tape and drape

£££

A roll of thin polythene with tape along one edge. Unrolls to cover a window, a kitchen unit or a whole wall in seconds.

A decorator’s bench with brushes, filler and tape

9 on this shelf

The rest of the bench

The unglamorous things that make the difference between a tidy job and a long weekend.

Bench · essential

Filling knives, 2, 4 and 6 inch

£££

Flexible steel blades for applying and smoothing filler. The 2 inch for holes, the 4 for cracks, the 6 for skim fills and feathering edges.

Bench · essential

Cartridge gun and profile tool

Also sold as Skeleton gun, caulking gun

£££

The gun pushes a steady bead; the profile tool shapes it. Buy a gun with a pressure release or every bead ends with a blob.

Bench · essential

Sugar soap

Also sold as Degreaser, surface cleaner

£££

An alkaline cleaner that lifts grease, nicotine and handling marks so the new paint has something clean to grip.

Bench · essential

Sanding sponges and abrasive sheets

£££

Foam backed abrasive that follows mouldings and curves, alongside sheets for flat work. Grit choice is its own guide.

Bench

Tack cloth

£££

A sticky, resin impregnated cloth that picks up the last of the dust a brush leaves behind.

Bench · essential

Paint kettle and scuttle

£££

A kettle is a small pot you decant into, so the tin stays clean and you carry less weight. A scuttle is a deep tray for loading rollers from a pole.

Bench · essential

Cotton twill dust sheets

£££

Heavy cotton that stays put, absorbs drips and does not slide underfoot like polythene.

Bench

Scrapers and a shave hook

£££

A stiff bladed scraper for lifting flaking paint and a shave hook with shaped edges for cleaning paint out of mouldings.

Bench

Brush comb and keeper

£££

A comb clears dried paint from the heel of the bristles; a keeper stores brushes suspended in a little solvent or water so they never dry stiff.

Asked at the counter

Questions we hear
in the trade shop.

Which brush should I use for water based paint?
A synthetic brush. Nylon and polyester filaments keep their spring in water, release paint evenly and wash clean. Natural bristle absorbs water, swells and goes floppy within the hour. A 2 inch synthetic and a 1.5 inch angled sash brush cover almost every interior job.
What roller sleeve gives the smoothest finish?
A short pile microfibre or flock sleeve of 4 to 6 mm on smooth surfaces, laid off immediately with a dry synthetic brush. Medium pile of 9 to 12 mm is right for emulsion on plastered walls. Long pile of 15 mm or more is for render and textured surfaces only.
What is the difference between caulk and silicone?
Decorators caulk is a water based acrylic that takes paint, stays slightly flexible and is meant for dry interior joints like skirting to wall. Silicone is permanently waterproof and flexible, resists mould and is meant for wet areas, but paint will not stick to it. Hybrid polymer sealants do both jobs at a higher price.
Which filler should I use for cracks that keep coming back?
A flexible, fibre reinforced crack filler. Rake the crack to a V, fill, then skim with a fine surface filler once cured. Rigid powder filler will reopen along the same line with the next season. If the crack is wider than 5 mm or stepped, ask a builder about movement before decorating.
Can I use ordinary filler on an old stone house?
Not on lime plaster or harling. Gypsum and cement based fillers are harder and less breathable than the lime around them, so they trap moisture and push the original material off. Use lime putty or a lime mortar matched to the wall, keep it damp while it cures, and paint with limewash or a mineral paint.
How long before I can paint over caulk?
It skins in about half an hour but keeps shrinking as it cures. Shallow beads can usually be painted after two to four hours; deep beads need a full day. Paint applied too early crazes as the caulk moves beneath it. Check the cartridge, as some brands specify longer.

Before you buy anything

Work out how much,
then check the weather.

The paint calculator tells you how many tins and roughly what they cost. Painting Weather tells you whether this week is worth starting outside. Both are free and neither asks for your email.

One tool, one material or one repair explained in every letter, in this same plain style.

A painting weather window, one colour, one repair tip and one photograph from a live job. Every fortnight, nothing else.